ORIGINAL ARTICLE
BORBA, Jocélia Emília [1]
BORBA, Jocélia Emília. Specialized educational assistance in Cumaru-PE in times of COVID-19 pandemic. Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento. Year 05, Ed. 08, Vol. 15, pp. 66-78. August 2020. ISSN: 2448-0959, Access link: https://www.nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/education/educational-assistance
ABSTRACT
Assuming that Covid-19 is a disease that emerged in China, but has taken a worldwide proportion and has no cure and that they are still researching a vaccine, this article aims to analyze the impacts caused by the Coronavirus pandemic on the education of children with disabilities in the municipality of Cumaru-PE, as well as the strategies used to offer knowledge to the public assisted in specialized educational care (AEE). An education committed to the education of children with disabilities seeks several strategies for continuity and offer of teaching remotely. Through applications such as WhatsApp, or online classes through the Zoom tool, and for children whose disability makes it impossible to use the internet are forwarded printed activities where with the help of parents they respond and make the return to the corrections. All this was possible because parents were committed to helping their children at home, so that during the pandemic period they would not go without performing their school work. The use of games was another playful proposal for everyone to participate in the moment of knowledge construction. It is an article of bibliographic nature based on Citelli (2000); Silveira (2004); Mantoan (2003) and Freire (2007) among others and quantitative, because it brings its consolidated results through a graph. It enables further studies on the theme that has been in global prominence since December 2019.
Keywords: Pandemic, teaching strategies, playful, AEE.
1. INTRODUCTION
This article aims to analyze the impacts caused by the Coronavirus pandemic on the education of children with disabilities in the municipality of Cumaru-PE, as well as the strategies used to offer knowledge to the public assisted in specialized educational care (AEE).
The pandemic arrived in Brazil and took the entire population by surprise and shows that the teacher needs to reinvent himself to meet the need of students with disabilities who receive specialized educational care to improve the knowledge acquired in the regular classroom.
“The school should not fear or underestimate its dialogue with the media and the use of new technologies” (CITELLI, 2000, p. 7).
With all this social distancing caused by Covid-19, the teacher needs to reinvent himself/herself to practice his profession dynamically through the available technologies, reelaborating his classes to serve the student in his/her home.
“The inclusive movement happens in various sectors of society and not just by the school.” (SILVEIRA, 2004). The author makes it clear that education is composed of a process of collective construction, where the family has a very important function in the construction of the educational and social success of each student.
It is perceived that each being is unique and has limitations, but early stimulation will give this student autonomy and self-confidence.
The interest in the theme is justified by the teacher’s ability to reinvent himself and seek to improve his pedagogical practice, through innovative methods and strategies that bring knowledge to the student in a clear and objective way through digital tools with the ability to reach everyone at the same time, showing his physical, mental and intellectual capacity to restructure in the midst of a global health problem.
2. METHODOLOGY
This article is bibliographic in nature (LIMA and MIOTO, 2007), because it was sought through data collection in articles and research on the Internet the basis for the theme under study and quantitative, because it is based on concrete numbers and observation to describe the information accurately and objectively (MARCONI; LAKATOS, 2011).
Such data will be presented through a chart, which will give a closed result based on the numbers computed during the research.
3. PANORAMA OF THE GLOBAL REACH OF THE COVID-19
Coronavirus is a mild respiratory infection, but it can worsen according to each individual and pre-existing diseases. It originated in wuhan city in China in December 2019.
Each day the number of infected increased and in the same order the increase of deaths caused by this virus. Here will be demonstrated the numbers recorded between March and June 2020, with a focus on the municipality of Cumaru-PE.
Already in January 2020 the first cases were confirmed in Japan and Thailand, as these contaminated people had traveled to the city of Wuhan. From there, who begins to consider the virus as a public health threat due to the increase in cases.
In that same month, there are cases in Côte d’Ivoire, France and Germany and the United States, that is, this invisible enemy was spreading out of control.
In February, more than 44 countries had been added to have confirmed cases. From there some of these nations chose to close the borders, aiming to stop the numbers of cases. By then Italy and Iran were already accounting for an excessive increase. (OMS, 2020).
In the world there were 80,000 more cases and Brazilians living in these countries decided to return and were repatriated from China, the epicenter of the disease, with the help of the Brazilian air force. Upon arriving in Brazil, they were quarantined to rule out contamination.
On February 29, just after carnival comes the first case of covid-19 in Brazil, a gentleman with a history of recent travel to Italy. He was 61 years old according to the Ministry of Health.
Since the emergence of the first case in Brazil, personal hygiene has gained visibility on social media and TV. It is indicated to wash your hands several times a day with soap and water and when leaving take the alcohol gel to perform the hygiene of the hands.
In places with agglomerations make use of the mask, and can be disposable or reusable, if the second option is the choice, when arriving home it should be washed and put to dry. On the other hand, the disposable pay attention to the time of use and when discarding put in a plastic bag tied and in the bathroom trash, never in the ordinary garbage. It is also very important in queues and places with many people maintaining a distance of one meter to one and a half meters, according to the recommendations of the health authorities.
In March, the new epicenter of Coronavirus becomes Europe, according to the World Health Organization.
That same month comes the first case in Argentina, would be a man of 64 years. From the high contamination rates, WHO declares the state of pandemic on March 13, 2020.
From there each ruler obeying what determines the Ministry of Health applies quarantine and social isolation to control contagion. On this day, the first infected Brazilian can recover.
However, there is a stabilisation in China and in return italy the numbers continued to rise and the number of deaths was higher than in China.
On March 17, 2020, the first death in Brazilian territory attributed to Covid-19 is announced in a 62-year-old male person with a history of Diabetes and Hypertension, thus leaving the state of São Paulo on alert, and from there new deaths were confirmed. All with a history of international travel. (MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE, 2020).
Given the high number, the Federal Council of Medicine begins a tireless search to fight Coronavirus. Studies with Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine for combat, but was indicated only for critically injured patients.
With quarantine, many Brazilian families lost their income. President Jair Bolsonaro on April 1 sanctions Law 13.982/2020 emergency aid of R$ 600.00 (Six hundred reais) per month for three months and for single mothers this amount reaches R$ 1,200.00 (Um thousand and two hundred reais).
Because there is no vaccine capable of immunizing the population, some states decided to implement the lockdown (Stay at home).
In Pernambuco, the first cases are confirmed on March 12, 2020. This is a couple of 66 and 71 years respectively with history of recent travel to Rome, Italy. On March 25, the first death by Covid-19 in Recife is recorded in the state. An 85-year-old man who had not traveled but suffered from diabetes was hypertensive and ischemic heart disease, which accentuates the chance of contracting the severe form of the disease and not surviving. (SECRETARIA DE SAÚDE DE PERNAMBUCO, 2020).
In April, the state numbered 5,358 cases of Covid-19, 3,688 diagnosed with the severe form of the disease and 1,670 mild cases, on the date of the update on April 27, with 450 deaths and 704 patients recovered. In May, on The 29th the state of Pernambuco continues with the rates increasing, the number of infected reaches 32,225 and 2,669 deaths. These are numbers counted since the beginning of the pandemic in the state in March. At that time the ICU beds already had an occupation of 96%. (SECRETARIA DE SAÚDE DE PE, 2020).
Infections are also beginning to increase within the state, leaving the entire health network that was already close to 100% of care capacity on alert.
On June 29, with the disclosure of another bulletin from the State Department of Health (SES-PE), a total of 58,476 confirmed cases and 19,354 severe cases and 39,122 classified as mild cases, adding up to 4,782 deaths according to data passed on by SES-PE. (G1 PE, 2020).
According to the (SMS) Municipal Health Department the municipality of Cumaru-PE confirms the first case of Covid-19 on May 6. This is a health professional who was on the front line and contracted the virus. As soon as the first symptoms arose, he/she was in home isolation until his/her recovery and return to work. The family did the quick test, but they all got the negative result for coronavirus.
With this confirmation, actions to combat and spread the virus were intensified, through the sanitization of streets and vehicles, points of hand hygiene in strategic locations in the city center, as well as organizing queues to ensure the distance between people. There was also the distribution of masks and vitamin C to strengthen the immune system of the population.
The Health Department of Cumaru publishes the bulletin of May 7 with 08 cases of Covid-19 confirmed and on May 8, there are 09 cases proven by testing, 06 discarded and 04 under investigation. On May 11 were 10 contaminated by Coronavirus and 05 recovered and on May 12 after release of the bulletin the number of confirmed cases reaches 12 and those recovered are 05 people.
From there, the Health Department of Cumaru – PE began to disclose through an epidemiological bulletin the numbers of contaminated only in the second, fourth and sixth, respectively.
Another epidemiological bulletin comes out on May 15 with 13 people affected by the virus and 06 recovered. In the bulletin released on May 18, the number of confirmed cases reaches 15 and a total of 08 recovered. On May 20, the number of confirmed cases is 17 people and 12 recovered. It arrives on May 22 with 20 confirmed patients, 13 recovered and 05 under investigation, according to the Municipal Health Department.
On May 25 and 26, the figures had no changes totaled 22 confirmed cases of Covid-19, 15 recovered and 01 in investigation. The epidemiological bulletin published on May 29 consists of 23 confirmed cases and 18 recovered and only 01 under investigation. On June 1st, 25 confirmed cases had 22 people recovered and 03 cases under investigation and 02 deaths under investigation. On June 3 according to the bulletin of the Department of Health are 25 confirmed cases with the virus and all recovered, but 01 death discarded and 01 remains under investigation according to data obtained by the Municipal Health Department of Cumaru.
In another disclosure of the Health Department of the municipality, it comes to June 5 with a total of 30 confirmed cases for Covid-19, of which 28 are already recovered and one death. On day 08 is launched another epidemiological bulletin of the Municipal Health Department where the numbers come in a growing, there are already 31 confirmed cases, 28 recovered and only one confirmed death. Another bulletin comes out with the numbers of coronavirus in the municipality on June 10, this time the number of people confirmed reaches 32, the recovered add up to 28 and one death.
On June 12, according to the epidemiological bulletin presented by the municipality’s SMS, there were already 36 confirmed cases, 29 of which were recovered and 01 died. On June 15, the epidemiological bulletin published by the Health Department showed that there were 38 confirmed cases and of these 29 people recovered, 01 death, but 06 remained under investigation. On June 19, this number would reach 48 confirmed cases, with 39 patients recovered and one death.
Another bulletin is released by SMS of Cumaru on June 22 and presents the following numbers, confirmed cases 52 and recovered 43 and the death toll has not been changed. At that time 06 cases remain under investigation. Two days later there were 54 confirmed cases, 45 recovered, 01 death and 06 people under investigation. On June 26, confirmed cases remain the same as the last bulletin, but those recovered rise to 47 and 10 citizens remain under investigation. The death toll remains at 01. And on June 29, the number reaches 59 infected, 54 recovered and 09 patients under investigation. And as of June 30, there were already more than 187 countries with confirmed cases with the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
4. THE AEE AND ITS FUNCTION IN THE LEARNING OF THE CHILD IN PANDEMIC TIMES
The Specialized Educational Service has the function of identifying learning problems to elaborate and organize through accessible pedagogical resources the elimination of barriers to the effective participation of students with disabilities, respecting their specificities.
According to Mantoan:
The school prepares the future and, of course, if children learn to value and live with differences in the classrooms, they will be very different adults from us, who have to work so hard to meet and live the experience of inclusion (MANTOAN, 2003, p. 91).
This service aims to complement the student’s learning, enabling their growth and independence, never replace the regular classroom, so its operation is in the shift in which the student studies.
The target audience for care in the AEE are children with physical, intellectual, visual, auditory disabilities, with global developmental disorder and with high skills/gifted, focusing on promoting autonomy and leadership.
With the Covid-19 pandemic in the world, and consequently in Brazil, the entire school network, whether public or private, has been compromised. Classes at the municipal school system in Cumaru began on February 17, but a month later managers suspended activities because of the growth in contagion numbers. At first it would be 15 days away, but as the disease curve was in ascendancy the students remained at home and began to take remote classes and the teaching professional had to reinvent himself. As Piaget (1994, p. 96) states, “the main goal of education is to create people capable of doing new things and not simply repeat what other generations have done.” And LDB 9394/96 in its 4th paragraph adds that “Elementary school will be face-to-face, distance learning being used as a complement ation of learning or in emergency situations.”
In AEE these classes work as follows. The coordinator together with the professionals held meetings through applications such as Zoom or Google Meet to outline the methodologies adopted and be able to bring the activities to the students.
For students who have internet teaches video lessons, also created a WhatsApp group, and for those who do not have access to mobile with internet activities are printed and delivered in their homes and later teachers with scheduled day and time collected these activities. And since then this is being the day to day of the teacher of Specialized Educational Care. Therefore it is necessary according to Masetto:
A change in attitude towards student and teacher participation and commitment, since looking at the teacher as an appropriate learning partner will be easier, because it is closer to the traditional. Seeing your colleagues as collaborators for their growth, this already means an important and fundamental change of mentality in the learning process (MASETTO, 2000, P. 141).
As it comes to students with disabilities with each delivery contemplates the games, because thus everyone at home participates in the moment of learning. As Freire (2007, p. 25) tells us, “teaching is not transmitting knowledge, but creating possibilities for its production or construction”.
Education is a dynamic process, where interaction with the other enhances knowledge and play is a tool that enables this development also in the family. Play has arisen since the beginning of time and has a connection with the affection and culture of each people (CABREIRA; SALVI, 2005). In June the AEE team brings a project with the theme Dancing at Home. Where the whole family gathers to dress up as a hillbilly, send photos or videos where the coordinator of inclusive education archived all the received and compiled for a unique production.
Even with all this effort, it is known that it is not reached by all students. The activities take time to reach those who live far from the center, others are unable to carry out the proposed activities, but everything is being done to reach the largest possible audience.
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The results will be compiled through a graph that will count the numbers of Covid-19 in the municipality of Cumaru – PE between the months of March to June 2020, period in which the research was conducted.
Figure 1: Shows the numbers of Covid-19 between the months of March to June.
According to the exposure of the graph and through the observation of its legend it is clear that there was an increase in the number of cases recovered in home monitoring, but in return the number of patients confirmed with coronavirus continues to rise and deaths are already three in the municipality of Cumarru between the months surveyed. According to (RADIS, 2020), the World Health Organization warns that people remain in their homes so that there is a decrease in the cases of Covid-19 and consequently a stabilization in numbers at the international level.
As contagion occurs through contact, maintaining social distancing and correct hygiene as recommended by the World Health Organization is important for combating Coronavirus and reducing other pathologies existing in the environment.
6. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
It is necessary to recognize that the AEE is of paramount importance in the school life of children with disabilities and acts as a learning complement space. It is daily fought for these students to develop in the face of their particularities and become an autonomous person even with all their limitations.
The Specialized Educational Service is committed to providing a dignified future for children, so it knows the importance of ludicity, group work and interaction with peers to develop the potentialities of each individual. The professional who works in this space seeks to create possibilities through resources to facilitate and contribute actively in the life of this student.
Training autonomous, creative and critical individuals who seek their space in society is the commitment to an inclusive quality education for all.
The education model in Brazil had to make adaptations, teachers had to reinvent themselves, because this pandemic showed us that distancing was necessary for public health.
Anyway, I consider it an atypical school year, but with learning that will make us different beings. The union of forces of all who are part of the teaching and learning process; besides the family, the strengthening of the bond made it possible and promoted a solid construction during the period of social isolation.
The Covid-19 pandemic has come and modified all plans for face-to-face education, such as touch, affection and affection, but leaves the teaching that the appreciation of the family is essential. This theme is stimulating, instigates everyone, because it does not exhaust itself here, so it is provocative as well as stimulating, deserving attention from people who are interested in adding new contexts and possible solutions to life after the reopening of schools.
Here are some questions, how will this new normal post pandemic coronavirus? How will students and teachers return when they return to face-to-face classes? Perhaps there is an answer in the future, but today it is all very uncertain, in the desire for new research it is clear that it is an inexhaustible theme and requires further studies.
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[1] Master’s degree in Education, Postgraduate in Psychopedagogy, Graduation in Pedagogy.
Submitted: July, 2020.
Approved: August, 2020.
