ORIGINAL ARTICLE
DANTAS FILHO, Carlos Alberto [1], BRAZ, Daniel da Silva [2], ZWIPP, Gabriel Nunes [3], SANTOS, Lukas Gabriel Assis dos [4], MELO, Thiago Cunha de [5], BENITES, Cristiano da Silva [6]
DANTAS FILHO, Carlos Alberto. et al. Domotic as an aid for people with disabilities and the elderly. Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento. Year 06, Ed. 04, Vol. 02, pp. 118-131. April 2021. ISSN: 2448-0959, Access link: https://www.nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/education/domotic
ABSTRACT
Automation is a branch of study that began in the industrial sector, then in commercial buildings and now in domotic. This technology applies to the domestic environment to be controlled by the user through an application or voice command, giving life to its services, comfort and convenience to its users, all of which can be carried out via cell phone. Home automation is a complete set of technical services, aimed at the best way to meet basic security, communication, energy management and life comfort needs. The smart home is like a house with its own life, so the home automation system has the characteristics of an intelligent system, which can interact with the residents. We adopted methods of bibliographic research based on already published materials, consisting of books and scientific articles, as well as exploratory research to provide greater familiarity with Home Automation (HA), specifically for People with Disabilities (PWD). With this article, we intend to present the main aspects of automatic residence, focusing on basic and typical elements. Different fields and applications are also considered, emphasizing the many benefits that the automatic home can bring, such as: accessibility, convenience, practicality, security systems and cost control, light control, automated doors, windows, beds and stairs. We also point out some disadvantages such as: high cost and misuse, always focusing on PWD. The research highlights several relevant aspects of home automation planning and applications to support the various elements of automated homes.
Keywords: Home automation, Elderly, Automatic, Quality, Disability.
1. INTRODUCTION
Historically, according to Adami (2011), we can say that automation first started with industrial automation and after commercial buildings, only then came the automation of residences, which applies technology in the domestic environment in order to bring more comfort and ease in their services being controlled through remote controls or even via the internet through cell phones.
Home Automation is the set of integrated technological services as the best way to satisfy the basic needs of security, communication, energy management and comfort of a residence, according to Aureside (2013). This kind of technology is still something new and the price is still in the process of becoming more affordable for people.
As technology has evolved, it has spread to several other areas, such as the economy, plantations, markets, industry and many others, but what we are really going to focus on is the health area, as it is an area in which technology has been growing a lot, it it helps in the study of future doctors and is also able to perform microsurgeries, which before needed to open the person, nowadays with a machine you can make a minimal hole and treat it without having to open so much. (ELOY et al., 2015)
According to Dino (2014), with the increase in life expectancy of the population, the increase in the number of elderly people, the desire for personal independence and the problems they have in their daily lives, due to age or a disability they have , are factors that contribute to the home automation of these people, as they will have their personal independence, in addition to more comfort and ease in carrying out certain actions.
Therefore, this work aims to show how domotic can be a great help for people of advanced age or with a disability, showing how they can have their independence and greater comfort by implementing it in their lives.
2. DOMOTIC
2.1 WHAT IS DOMOTIC
Domotic can be defined as a concept of integration of automatic mechanisms in a given space. It is a recent technology and is responsible for managing all housing resources. Finding solutions to our needs in the most practical way and with the least possible effort. (LINS et al., 2009)
The term Domotic emerged in France around the 20th century, and has a fusion of the word “Domus”, which means “house”, with the word “Robotics”, historically it can be said that automation began with industrial automation and then automation of commercial buildings. It is a technology that in the past few had access to, but with the evolution of technology it has become easier to screen indoors. (SANTOS et al., 2016)
Domotics, according to applies in various parts of a house such as lighting, air conditioning, ambient sound, security, communication and comfort. It can improve and facilitate the quality of life of many people with voice-controlled devices or with the analysis of our actions. (SGARBI et al., 2011)
2.2 DOMOTIC IN GENERAL
For Beleza (2009), domotic is the automated control of homes, defined as integration between automatic mechanisms in a space, helping and making people’s daily lives more practical, being applied in comfort, security and among others, it is a recent technology and is responsible for controlling all housing resources.
According to Beleza (2009), more broadly, home automation can be understood as the gathering of knowledge, changing the observation, effort and human decision process by electronic, mechanical devices and software generated through technology.
The definition of domotic is the simultaneous use of electricity and information technologies in the residential environment, allowing it to be managed locally or remotely, and to offer a wide range of applications in the areas of security, comfort, communication and energy management. (MARIOTONI et al., 2007)
According to Nunes (2002), it can be said that the fundamental characteristics of an intelligent system are having memory, having a notion of time, easy interaction with those who use it, interaction between all the systems in the environment, ease of reprogramming and self-correction capacity.
Smart Domotic is not just a home with a centrally controlled system that can improve and facilitate certain functions. The smart home is something like a home with its own life, so smart Domotic systems present the characteristics of an intelligent system interacting with the inhabitants of the home, making it dynamically learn from their behavior. (SGARBI et al., 2011)
2.3 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
According to Teixeira (2015), in domotic it is possible to notice numerous advantages and few disadvantages, as technology has always brought us innovation in our day-to-day activities, from the simplest to the most complex, such as human beings who does them, does not have the ability to do the same activity. That is why technology is on the rise and there is constant research to discover new discoveries or even improve and innovate, all in favor of comfort, practicality, agility, speed and the possibility of making it possible to carry out tasks that were previously difficult or impossible to do it, people with an older age or even with reduced mobility would be able to do it.
Domotics is an exceptional technology that is already a reality, but little used when analyzing the amount of advantages and benefits it brings. With the good use of domotic it is possible to have more security as it could have automatic or pre-programmed security locks, security cameras with sensors and facial and motion detectors, also with possible access to images by cell phone or an internet account of any wherever you are, thus being able to follow the house from afar and being informed of any undue movement or that are out of standard, by the same system it would also be possible to control energy costs, thus bringing advantages to the environment and sustainability, not to mention the activities in general that could be easy to control where even people who have a physical disability or reduced mobility and the elderly could do their activities indoors without depending on another person, thus making them somewhat independent of people present all the time or for everything, but with the help of technology in its place, sensors and pre-programming or even voice command systems would make many things possible, bringing more quality of life to these people. (BERNINI et al., 2016)
According to Domingues (2013), when it comes to the negative points of domotic, it is not the technology itself that has problems, but rather how it can be misused or overused and that it is not an ever-present technology as it should be or even not easily accessible to lower class people, that means that because it is something modern and new and in constant improvement, the cost of it ends up becoming not so easy to have this technology. When it comes to quality of life, the misuse of this technology can make them healthy people, ill-accustomed and very dependent on these facilities and becoming too accommodating to the point of making almost no physical effort, which can, however, bring health problems.
If we are going to analyze the two sides, being the advantages and the disadvantages, we can notice by far that the amount of positive things stands out in relation to the negativity, and it is really worth investing more and continuing to invest in this with the objective of this technology to reach and become possible for the use of all people, whether for basic assistance or for something greater that goes beyond and improves people’s comfort and safety.
2.4 APPLICATION OF DOMOTIC FOR ELDERLY AND DISABLED PEOPLE
Home automation has made people’s lives much more practical and comfortable to perform common day-to-day tasks. It is already possible to automate any electronic resource, for example, the simple act of opening the door can now be done through the cell phone. We no longer live in the time when home automation was seen as a luxury item.
Today, according to Martins (2019), these resources can become essential for the accessibility and independence of people with disabilities, allowing them to perform everyday tasks, which were previously considered complex and even impossible. An adapted home also means making life easier for people with physical disabilities, or people with limited mobility, such as the elderly and obese, and, one might even say, happier and more pleasurable.
The popularization of technology already makes it much more accessible to the common consumer. According to an official survey, the Unified Health System brought us the following data, 75% of older people’s falls happen at home. In addition, according to research, in Brazil about 30% of elderly people fall at least once a year and from 5% to 10% of these suffer severe injuries. An automated home means more comfort, safety and functionality for people in these conditions, as it is not necessary to get up or move around to control lighting, climate control, entertainment system, access, and many other tasks. (PERRACINI, 2002)
The graph below shows in detail the growth rate of the elderly population in Brazil and in the world, from 1950 until, as a forecast, 2020. (PAIVA et al., 2008)
Figure 1 – Growth of the elderly population
Functional physical limitations in people with disabilities and older age can be manifested in countless ways, and for the most part, these forms of disability can put individuals aside from society, including the labor market. The Ministry of Labor and Employment released statistics in 2013 showing that of the 49 million active employment relationships, only 358,000 were for people with disabilities (0.73% in total), and of these 51% represented people with physical disabilities. Due to the high cost and complexity in the development of technologies that promote social inclusion, the disabled have great difficulties in their daily activities and remain excluded from society and work. The use of automation allows the standardization and flexibility of systems, making it possible to use it within the domestic environment as a positive point for improving people’s quality of life. (BERNINI et al., 2016)
The Arduino platforms (programming platform through microcontrollers), widely used in simple and large projects, which makes it possible to interact with the cell phone through the Android platform, which, due to the fact that it is open source, free and not tied to hardware specific has a huge amount of applications and applications available, and they can be programmed in blocks or in programming languages like Java, which brings us two perfect platforms to create systems and new technologies for domotic in homes adapted for people who need special care. (JUNIOR et al., 2015)
Adding the fact that there is a growing consumer market, aiming at the growth of life expectancy.
We can present some applications and technologies to be implemented, such as:
2.4.1 TELEMEDICINE
For Nichele (2016), medicine combined with telemetry can monitor people in their own homes, thus not only preventing them from having to travel to a medical center, but also supporting preventive medicine. It would allow monitoring of cardiac patients 24 hours a day, with data transmitted in real time to the hospital through the same access network that makes the Internet connection possible, as well as, for example, allowing diabetics to send the results of their exams diaries through a glucose reader integrated into the automated home system. Whereas, in the hospital, these results would be stored in a database, with the physician informed by the management software of any dysfunction presented in the data.
2.4.2 BATH BED
It consists of portable hygiene equipment for bedridden people, consisting of a basin and a service and control cabinet. Thus, such a structure is specially designed to provide the person with comfort and safety. In this, the basin is placed under the person in his own bed, while the service and control cabinet has a system for conditioning, heating and pumping water for the bath, as well as a sliding mechanism on wheels that, during the bath, stands next to the bed. It is a special system for absorbing and draining used water, whereby the assistant can give the patient a complete bath, without waste and with great water savings. (NICHELE, 2016)
2.4.3 ARTICULABLE BED
Bed with remote control where the user can articulate the bed to make him feel more comfortable. (NICHELE, 2016)
2.4.4 MEDICINE STORAGE BOTTLES
According to Nichele (2016), this system consists of the lid of the bottle and a station with the appearance of a lamp. When this flask is opened by the user, a wireless signal is emitted to a base that sends messages to a computer or to a pre-established cell phone through a network. If the bottle is not opened at the stipulated time, the lid has a light mechanism that starts to flash, in order to remind the patient that he forgot the medicine. In the event that this mechanism does not work, the product also emits sounds. So, finally, the system can still send a message as a kind of reminder, as well as it can also forward this alert to other people, such as relatives and doctors, in order to “snitch” the patient.
2.4.5 BLIND WITH REMOTE CONTROL
According to Ferreira (2010), the remote use of blinds is an easy-to-install and use system that provides the user with greater convenience. Thus, the installation of this system reduces the need for the user to move to the blind to close it, a path that is often traced by furniture and objects. The Remote Activation of Shutters is very useful for sick people.
2.4.6 PLATFORMS FOR CHAIRS
According to Rangel (2013), this type of platform allows the user who is unable to climb stairs, to cross them without any problem. The platform is mainly used on small stairs, in house entrances or inside houses. Buildings such as Banking Branches, where they have small stairs, are required by law to provide this type of equipment. This type of equipment supports up to 250 kg.
2.4.7 PLATFORMS FOR ELDERLY AND NON-WHEELCHAIR USER
According to Domingues (2013), these platforms are mainly used by people who have difficulty climbing stairs. It is a seat with a motor and manual control that allows the user to control the chair to go up, down or stop it whenever he wants. This type of equipment supports up to 150 kg.
2.4.8 VERTICAL ELEVATORS
According to Domingues (2013), residential elevators are equipment that can also be installed inside or outside houses. Because it is a high-cost device, it is still not widely used. It consists of a closed elevator that can be adapted by the manufacturer according to the number of floors in the residence or building where the elevator will be installed.
2.4.9 PRESENCE SENSORS
Widely used nowadays, for Furlan (2019), the presence sensor is a device that can be used in several ways. Currently, these devices are mostly used in lighting and door opening systems. Thus, at first, this sensor captures the presence of people and, by means of a signal, it activates the lighting of the place or opens the door of the enclosure, allowing people to enter and exit. This device is already used by Airports and Shopping Centers, especially in doors.
2.4.10 MONITORING VIA INTERNET
According to Nogueira (2018), this system makes it possible to monitor a given residence from anywhere on the planet. Just have internet access. Especially in homes where only elderly people live, through this system, all rooms in the home can be monitored 24 hours a day. This promotes greater security, because in the event of an accident with the elderly person that makes it impossible for them to ask someone for help, the user of this system can visualize what happened in order to take the necessary measures to help the victim. This system can also be used by a cell phone that has internet access.
2.4.11 AUTOMATED IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Having an automated irrigation system, the elderly or disabled person will not have problems in irrigating and taking care of their garden. Accidents such as slipping due to the wet floor will be prevented and, furthermore, tiredness will be avoided, allowing the resident to use that time and energy in other activities. (RANGEL, 2013)
2.4.12 BED PANEL
According to Nichele (2013), the bed panel is a very useful system, especially for the sick. These are usually at the head of the beds and have manual controls. Although often used in motels, these panels are very useful for patients who, for some reason, cannot get out of bed. Therefore, the buttons are configured based on the needs of each user, providing convenience and comfort, two great benefits of this system.
Nowadays it is not very difficult to see people who, after years and years of service to their country, to their government, years and years of taking care of their children, working hard to survive and raise their children, are left in nursing homes to spend time there. the rest of their days, often alone and with little support, technology emerges to alleviate this, to bring comfort, joy, practicality, a better life for those who have already done so much for so many. So too for people with disabilities and people who need more specialized care.
3. CONCLUSION
The development of the present study allowed us to attest that Domotic is a theme that has been receiving more and more emphasis and entering into major agendas, many innovations and new technologies within the area have been created recently and this is a trend that will only continue and increase. In addition to bringing more comfort, practicality and ease to families and companies, it is often an essential aid for the daily life of the elderly and people with disabilities, the evolution and the importance that the world has increasingly given to domotic.
The Domotic aimed at the elderly and disabled has provided the possibility for people who previously had difficulty doing even simple everyday things, now not only can do such things, but also can go beyond that, they can do things that before they did not think one day they would. In addition, it was verified that it is a promising area to invest in and to dedicate oneself to studying it and working in it to bring about new improvements and innovations.
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[1] Graduation in Computer Science in progress.
[2] Graduation in Computer Science in progress.
[3] Graduation in Computer Science in progress.
[4] Graduation in Computer Science in progress.
[5] Graduation in Computer Science in progress.
[6] Advisor. Master in Electrical and Computer Engineering. Postgraduate MBA in Data Center and Cloud Computing. Degree in Computer Science and Technologist in Computer Networks.
Shipped: November, 2020.
Approved: March, 2021.
