Feminicide with the advent of Law No. 13,104 / 2015

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

CORDEIRO, Alexandre Dos Santos ^[1], SILVA, Rubens Alves da ^[2]

CORDEIRO, Alexandre Dos Santos. SILVA, Rubens Alves da. Feminicide with the advent of Law No. 13,104 / 2015. Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento. Year 04, Ed. 09, Vol. 01, pp. 24-43. September 2019. ISSN: 2448-0959, Access Link: https://www.nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/law/feminicide

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work was to analyze femicide with the advent of Law no. 13,104 / 2015. Brutality against women is one of the most deluded prodigies and with the greatest repercussions, visibly a social problem, imposing this fact the devastating consequences of human composure and public health. Violence is defined as violence for any behavior, of action or bluff, based on gender, which causes death, injury or physical, sexual or psychological suffering to the partner, in the public or private domain. The main types of violence against women are: sexual brutality, sexual abuse, moral abuse and feminicide. For the most part, crime is accepted in the domestic and family environment, where the aggressor is consecutively the favorable partner. An apprehension among homosexuals, transsexuals and the like for not being condemned, for the fact that they are not recognized in a biological way as women. An analysis of the acceptable situations imposed in actions resulting from the typification of feminicide gender brutality is conjectured, by directly checking other sections of the Law, it directs the enforcers of the new law, distrust, and time, providing materials so that, in the hands of operatives of the law, the morality of other transsexual, homosexual, lesbian, transvestite species may be detrimental, and in such a way all the acts committed against women resulting from species or coexistence even if egalitarian is typified as feminicide.

Keywords: feminicide, brutality, woman, species.

1. INTRODUCTION

Feminicide is a heinous offense in Brazil according to law 13.104/2015 that in turn acidified the penal code and qualified it, such a crime is committed against women on the grounds of the class of being female. It abuses to warn that, exceptionally, feminicide is conformed, when the origins are proven, which are: physical or psychological attacks, aggression or sexual site, torture, genital mutilation, beatings among another form of brutality that generates the death of a woman, for a peculiar matter of gender. Violence against women commonly has frivolous motivation. Alcoholism, drug addiction and financial demands are exacerbating factors, but it is the declared macheza in the daily longing of dominance that determines the absolute majority. These are baseline statements from the aggressors who see women as objects of their dominion, and blaming them for what happened. Being a matter of cultural experience, it has become a public health problem, and growing evidence that domestic brutality is accompanied by physical and mental trauma, directing many women to invariably seek health services. The event of violence against women is ecumenical and is stocked with the family’s own life. The woman was born to correspond to the father and then to her husband, without having any right, being prevented from voting and receiving her own sustenance, fulfilling subordinate activities, such as raising children and worrying about homework. Thus she was tamed to her husband, who is awarded to work and provide for the support of his wife and children, thus practicing power over the whole family (WAISELFISZ, 2016).

2. HISTORICAL ASPECT OF DOMESTIC AND FAMILY VIOLENCE

2.1 VIOLENCE

In this argument, it is worth proving through historical aspects the evolution of gender violence, presenting the way women were socially seen under a patriarchal bias. Since the longevity of the abuse suffered by women elongated years, it was a natural and legitimized scenario through a social example imposed crossed from the family and matrimonial bodes by the clement male moralism (FONSECA; SOUZA, NASCIMENTO, 2006).

Guiding this question, it is necessary to elucidate that they have distinct concepts of violence that affect women, according to the reading:

Violence against women: Characteristic contour of interpersonal violence, practiced by men and directed at women. Gender violence: reverence for the egalitarian roles attributed to men and women, embeited by patriarchal cultures, which constitute analogies of violence between the sexes and not the disputes between men and women that cause the use of violence against women. Domestic Violence: comes within the house and can come between men and women, parents and children, young and old. Violence against women constitutes psychological, physical, sexual aggression and in a private or public space, with the individual that the victim relates to or relates to affectionately. Due to the flashy index of this modality in the private space, it came to be known as domestic violence (FONSECA; SOUZA, NASCIMENTO, 2006).

According to HELKER (2016), abuse against women provides a dark historical constitution of prejudice related to gender, class and race and ethnicity in their analogies of power, thus gaining the most diverse definitions and approvals, according to the meaning of law 11.343/06, Maria da Penha, in article 5:

Violence can be accepted as any behavior based on gender, which originates or likely to lead to death, torture or physical, sexual or psychological consternation to women – so often in the public and private domain. Several provisions engaged in the fight against violence against women: The (UN) United Nations began its efforts against this form of brutality in the 1950s, with the creative enthusiasm of the Women’s Status Commission, which constituted between 49 and 62 a series of provisions based on supplies of the United Nations Charter — which expressly ensure the analogous rights of men and women the Universal Declaration of Human Rights — which together assumes the human rights and alvedrios need to be juxtaposed again to men and women, without haughting of any kind (HELKER, 2016, p.13).

2.2 CYCLES OF VIOLENCE

According to SOUZA (2015), warns that society is exorbitantly venerable and has no way to contradict, although patriarchy is not always convenient.

In the early days of humanity, the groups were not aware of the analogy between sex and procreation, constituting the imposed fertility exclusively of women and, precisely for this, the woman had a performance of evidence in the social structure. There was no idea here of monogamy, constituting the marriage made by crowds and, as an implication, the descendants were exclusively recognized through the maternal lineage (SOUZA, 2015, p.9).

LINS (2007) states that the domestication of animals came from the discovery of man’s contribution to procreation, resulting in a clear rupture in history. This discovery decomposed the relationship between man and woman. The man finally discovered his imperious role in a land where his potency was denied.

2.3 THE COST SPARED OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Domestic violence still generates economic expenses, generally submerging medical aid, responsible legal institution and enormous values of opportunity. Knowing this type of correlation helps in the formatting of public policies that make the occurrence of new cases as much as possible (LACAYO, 2017).

According to LACAYO (2017), according to the consequences and values of violence, which cause impacts on the individual and survivors, perpetrators and others harmed by violence, as well as on the family, group and society as a whole, causing high costs for countries as cited:

Violence against women and girls charges a high cost, not only because of the invisible anguish and the impact on their characteristic life and well-being, but also for the values that the survivor and his family will adopt in the treatment of their health (physical or mental), appearing their work and finances. There’s the result of all this in children. A choice of ten factors and risk factors of disability and death for women between 15 and 44 years of age, rape and domestic and gender violence, in their sorcery, accepted as a superior case to cancer, traffic accidents, war and malaria. Contained lesions such as fractures and hemorrhages, as well as long-term physical illnesses (e.g., gastrointestinal diseases, central nervous system disorders, chronic pain). Mental illnesses such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorders, suicide trial. Sexual and reproductive problems such as contagions by sexual transmission (including HIV) and other chronic diseases; sexual dysfunctions; forced or undesired pregnancies and undecided abortions; risks to maternal health and fetal health (especially in cases of abuse during pregnancy) (LACAYO, 2017, p. 2-3).

According to NOGUEIRA (2017), the lack of grouping, difficulty in making decisions, uncertain or unforeseen and wide increase in absences are the most expressive impacts of domestic violence on the professional life of thousands of women in Brazil.

2.4 FORMS OF VIOLENCE

According to BIF (2018), abuses can be demonstrated of various sorcery, constituting a great influence of patriarchy, and are of a kind of domination of the female species by the masculine.

In the field of private relations, violence against women is a fundamental aspect of patriarchal culture. Domestic violence is a form of physical or psychological violence performed by men against women in the context of familiarity relationships, revealing itself as a power of possession of a patriarchal character. We can think of domestic violence as a condition of punishment that practices to condition the behavior of women and prove that they do not have the domain of their own lives (FERRAZ et al., 2013, p.470).

2.4.1 PSYCHOLOGICAL VIOLENCE

For GUEDES & GOMES (2018), psychological violence is one that encompasses the woman’s self-esteem, leaving her with low self-esteem and often leading to depression, usually are charged with swearing, embarrassments, demotions, penumbra, blackmail, everything that gives rise to her restrictions of coming and going.

Article 7 II of Law No. 11,340/06 provides that: II – psychological violence, covered as any procedure that causes emotional detriment and deprecation of self-esteem or that makes it useless and disturb the full increase or that directs degrade or dominates its actions, conducts, beliefs and dispositions, by threat, compression, affront, manipulation, isolation, constant care, blunt conduct, offense, ultimatum, ridicule, oppression and obstacle of the right to come and go or something else that causes damage to psychological health and self-determination (BRASIL, 2018).

According to MARTINELLI (2018), it is often complex to recognize a victim of psychological violence, and it can be warned that several women do not seek help and revoke accepting the way they are approached and do not move with such violence, because they revoke by conceiving in their heads that the reason for such aggression is to the character as it acts, in addition to the reasons alleged before, jealousy ends up consisting of a broad villain , by the way she dresses, makeup, and the aggressor conceives in her head that she is throwing herself at another person inducing to commit violence.

2.4.2 SEXUAL VIOLENCE

BIF (2018), says that any act or procedure that leads to the harassment or knowledge of unwanted sexual intercourse, through rape, sexual assault, bullying and indecent assault are presented as sexual violence.

This brutality is described in Law No. 11,340/06 in paragraph 7(III). – sexual brutality, achieved as any conduct that forces it to witness, retain or inform of an unintended sexual relationship, by warning, intimidation, repression or use of courage; which leads her to resell or employ her sexuality in any event, prevent her from using any contraceptive procedure or to force her to marry, pregnancy, abortion or easy life, by means of inhibition, warning, insurance or manipulation; or that achieves or invalidates the agility of their sexual and breeding rights (BRASIL, 2018).

According to SOUZA; ROCHA; SIQUEIRA (2019), says that the raped person computes with immediate reception in notorious health networks, because in the face of this brutality the auxiliaries are compelled to give assistance to these women who have not given an order to have sexual affinities, likewise, they will be given the pill of the consequent day, with collection of materials for the execution of HIV or other types of sexually transmitted diseases , among other means for preserving your life.

2.4.3 PROPERTY AND MORAL VIOLENCE

According to BRASIL (2018), equity brutality is imposed in Law 11.340 / 06 in its paragraph 7, item IV.

IV – Patrimonial brutality, covered as any procedure that configures fixation, subtraction, partial or absolute annihilation of its objects, work appliances, personal information, assets, attachments and economic rights or solutions, containing those intended to please their obligations.

According to BRASIL (2018) moral brutality is presented in Law No. 11,340/06 in its paragraph 7(V) where it mounts that: moral brutality, seized as any behavior that constitutes slander, discredit or injury.

BIF (2018), cites that, the brutality that hurts the honor of someone, leaving all these crimes arranged in the Brazilian Penal Code.

Slander is to attribute to someone an offense “disloyally imputing to him the fact defined as an offense”, being able to warn that the injury appears when the victim has his dignity offended, and defamed signifying himself to the fact offensive to the reputation of someone” (OPAS & BRASIL, 2018).

2.5 ABUSER AND VICTIM PROFILE

MADUREIRA et. Al. (2014), states that the harshness of brutality perpetrated against women is demonstrated in the records of deaths of women worldwide.

According to SOUZA (2015), the worsening demonstrated, in a huge number of women, who experience abuse, chooses to continue living with the aggressor and, thus, caution and care need to cover not exclusively the victims, but also the spouses who are the perpetrators of this violence, with those accepted to act in favor of the care of their victimization.

For DANTAS & LENHARO (2018), abuse in women is committed by adolescents and even the elderly, but in most episodes the attackers are men between 25 and 30 years old, adding to this, another major problem pertinent to these aggressions is schooling, distinguishing that 47.6% of the men who are responsible for this aggression did not even finish schooling, although retirees or unemployed partners increase by up to twice the opportunities to commit these types of aggressions.

3. FEMINICIDE AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES

It is worth warning, reports of indoctrinators, on the implementation of protective measures is one of the basic guidelines indispensable for the effectiveness of protection measures, in the prevention of feminicide. Making clear the need to inspect the implementation of protective measures such as the use of standards, judiciary and police. Professionals involved in the area of protective measures distinguish the obligation of technological integration between the laws of the police and the judiciary. In order to contain flagrant crime of default of the protective measure, that it is essential that the protective measure remains in force, and that the author of the fact is notified so that there is a crime of delinquency. Another factor of greater relevance is that there will not be a police officer for each victim. It is admirable that the woman, her family or neighbors can readily communicate that the man is disobeying the measure and with it taking the caution of feminicide with the arrest of the aggressor and practitioner of abuse against women (SANTOS, M.; ARAÚJO; SANTOS, J., 2015).

3.1.1 TYPES OF FEMINICIDE

For HOCHMULLER (2014), this class can be subdivided into two groups: non-family feminicide and sexual feminicide: according to the victim has been sexually abused or not, something very common in this class. Ponder that sexual feminicide is a form of terrorism that strengthens male dominance and gives all women the effect of consecutive insecurity.

According to RODRIGUES (2015), intimate feminicide: these are acts committed by spouses with whom the victim has or had an intimate, domestic, convivial or related relationship. This class covers crimes committed by sexual partners only or by those with whom the patient has or contained other interpersonal analogies, such as men, partners or boyfriends.

According to SOUZA (2015) says that, feminicide not intimate: these are those attacks by men with whom the victim does not have intimate relationships, family or conviviality, but with which it was linked by relationships of certainty, hierarchy or affection, between boss and domestic helper, personal or even co-workers.

RODRIGUES (2015), which points out that feminicide by attaling: they happen when a woman interferes to prevent the murder of another woman and, in the procedure, ends up becoming an inevitable victim. By its character, it is dispensable the existence of junctions between the agent and the victim to differentiate him, to which they can even be ignored.

3.2 OF THE AGGREGATE PREVENTION MEASURES

In what says reverence for the regular preventions on feminicide is to welcome the urgent protective measures of the field of Family Law be promoted by the victim before the police command. The person, when recording the fact of the exercise of domestic violence, can broker the removal of bodies, supplies, sealing the attacker to approach the victim and his family members or that he is repressed from going to certain places (DIAS, 2007).

Art. 22. After the exercise of domestic brutality and deeply against women, in the vicinity of this Law, the judge can immediately cultivate the attacker, adjacent or separately (BRASIL, 2018).

According to BRASIL (2018), the logical protective measures of urgency, among others:

I – Interruption of possession or intimidation of the presence of weapons, with accession to the competent body, in the vicinity of a pact with Law No. 10,826, imposed on December 22, 2003;

II – Abduction of the home, domicile or place of coexistence with the victim; III – impediment of verified conducts, including: a) approximation of the victim, his intimates and witnesses, adsorption ing the minimum limit of reach between them and the attacker; b) contact with the aggravated, their relatives and witnesses by some means of communication; c) relationship of certain sites in order to maintain the physical and psychological probity of the insulted;

IV – Exception or interruption of visits to second-degree conditioned, heard to the multidisciplinary reception group or equivalent employment;

V – Quota of provisional or temporary foods.

§ 1 – The competent rapid protective measures may be granted immediately, involuntarily of judgment of the parties and the appearance of the Public Prosecutor’s Office, needing this to be immediately reported.

§ 2 – Rapid protective measures shall be justified independently or cumulatively, and may be exchanged at some time for others of maximum effectiveness, consecutively that the rights recognized in this Law are warned or infringed.

§ 3 – The magistrate may, the request of the Public Prosecutor or the rogative of the offended, grant innovations protective measures of urgency or review those already granted, if it is essential to the protection of the injured, his intimate and his patrimony, heard to the Public Prosecutor (BRASIL, 2018).

The protective measures that swear the aggressor are included in Article 22 of Law 11.340/06 this lists protective measures that oblige the aggressor, aimed directly at the active subject of domestic violence, imposing obligations and restrictions on him, such measures restrict certain rights of the aggressor in order to protect the victim, imposing on him/her omitted behavior, whose conduct that reviles the order of abstention will then typify the crime of indiscipline to the court order, with prevention expressed in Article 359 of the Penal Code, with probability of arrest in evident (PORTO, 2014, p.82).

With analogy to the protective measures of urgency very still the woman in circumstance of domestic and family helper violence is the elementary recipient of the protective measures, several of them address, to the family members, pointed out to the woman, none possessing a criminal nature, being able to be inclusive, be accumulated or not, depending on the complexity and distinctiveness of the palpable case (PORTO, 2014).

Article 23 of the law on protective measures with affinity to the offended, according to BIANCHINI (2014), art. 23. judge, where necessary, without prejudice to other measures including:

I – Address the offended and its conditioned to the official or community program of shelter or reception;

II – Cause the renewal of the injured and that of her subordinates to the relative domicile, after the aggressor’s destitution;

III – to decide the alienation of the reviled home, without prejudice to the rights concerning property, custody of children and feedings;

IV – Cause the removal of bodies.

According to PORTO (2014), it lays down paragraph 24 of the law itself, to fix Art. 24. For the protection of the assets of the matrimonial company or those of the private domain of the woman, the judge may, in the first place, give rise to the consequent measures, among others:

I – Return of goods improperly diminished by the aggressor to the injured;

II – Provisional suspension for the conclusion of acts and combinations of purchase and sale and lease of attribute in common, unless explained judicial authorization;

III – interruption of the tasks conferred by the offender to the aggressor;

IV – Payment of provisional bail, by judicial deposit, for losses and material losses arising from the practice of domestic and family brutality against the injured.

Sole paragraph: The judge shall officiate to the registry office to be ajudge for the purposes provided for in paragraphs II and III of that paragraph.

3.3 FEMINICIDE IN THE BRAZILIAN LEGAL-CRIMINAL ORDER

BRASIL (2018) states that Feminicide in the Brazilian legal and criminal system is consistent with the protection bodies established by human rights in art. 226, item § 8 of the Magna Carta of 1988.

However, feminicide in the Brazilian legal and criminal system is published on August 7, 2006, by law no. 11,340, which regulates mechanisms to abstain and precatarlate domestic and intimate brutality against women and preparing the education of domestic and intimate aggression judges against women, as well as forming measures to support and protect women in positions of domestic and intimate brutality. The Maria da Penha Law has a constituency of great protection, involves a larger digit of legally protected benefits, any action or suppression that may motivate you to die; to the detriment; physical consternation that harms your integrity or body well-being; psychological brutality that can be emotionally damaged or injured, its haughting; sexual violence; patrimonial and moral ity regarding slander, discredit or revile (SANTOS, M.; ARAÚJO; SANTOS, J., 2015).

4. LAW 13.104/2015 – FEMINICIDE

According to MEDEIROS (2018), says that the conception of law 13.104/2015 of March 9, 2015, added point 121, § 2 of the Penal Code, item VI. With the original item the legislator becomes heinous the crime made against women by the opportunity of the female species.

BITTENCOURTH (2018) states that the serious violations when to women’s aprumados, as well as the state bluff is designated as a typification to the Brazilian Penal Code, with the classification of feminicide, being deliberate d’ to the term feminicide that is defined according to the Joint Parliamentary Committee of Inquiry on Brutality Against Women. Feminicide is the ultimate vehemence of woman’s authority by man: The command of life and death. It manifested itself with unconditional statement of possession, identical to the woman to an object, as well as committed by a partner or ex-partner, as subjugation of the contuberium and sexuality of the woman, by an element of sexual violence adjunct to murder, as destruction of the contubernium of the woman, by mutilation, i give disfigurement of her choir, repressing the mortification or cruel and offensive treatment.

According to PORTO (2014), the meaning of domestic brutality to differentiate the crime of Feminicide is determined by the Law Maria da Penha, law 11.340/06, in its paragraph 5. It orders that: Any action or deletion based on the model that causes death, injury, physical, sexual or psychological pain and moral or patrimonial aggravation, in the domain of the employed unit, of the family or in some intimate relationship of attachment, unintentionally of sexual orientation.

Says DIAS (2007), which observes the inspiration of the Crime of Feminicide of paragraph 121, item VI, the procedure comes to be considered a heinous offense, focusing on the list of those listed in law 8.072/90, with affliction of 12 to 30 years.

4.1 CHANGES MADE BY LAW 13.104/2015 – FEMINICIDE

According to GUEDES & GOMES (2018) they claim that, on March 9, 2015, President Dilma Rousseff determined the Feminicide Law, legislation that decomposes paragraph 121 of the Brazilian Penal Code, involving feminicide as a qualifying episode and the list of heinous crimes. It is extraordinary to try not to be in charge of the unwillright to say that feminicide is a new crime. The aforementioned law is not one whose criminal but a qualifier, the subordinate crime we are discussing is homicide and feminicide is born on the list of qualified episodes of this type of delinquency. About such a high point of nomenclature, it is also highlighted that the feminicide landmark is usual for when a woman is slaughtered, while the adjacency feminicide is the death of a woman by gender issues or by contempt or discernment to the category of woman who is a qualifier of murder.

According to SANTOS, M.; ARAÚJO; SANTOS, J.; (2015), for Brazilian Criminal Law, Feminicide, which is the annihilation of female son, is an offense that does not compute with neither a link with domestic brutality or in an opportunity for discernment to the condition of a woman, legally irrelevant.

Feminicide can be categorical as a qualifier of the crime of homicide originated by the odiosity against women, distinct by private conjunctures in which the belonging of women to women is essential in the tirocínio of the crime.

Art. 1. to paragraph 121 of Decree No. 2,848 of December 7, 1940 referred to the Penal Code in Brazil of 1940, shall be in force with the consequent wording:

Simple homicide: point 121;

First-degree murder: item § 2nd;

Feminicide: VI – against women for female species;

§ 2 – A Ponderasse that there are female gender category issues as the crime involving: I – domestic and family brutality; II – disparagement or discernment to the class of woman.

The following fact is paragraph 2 and paragraph 1 of Law No. 8,072, sanctioned on July 25, 1990, to be in force with the consequent amendment: Art. 1º I – homicide (art. 121), as practiced at a speed typical of the extermination coalition, even if entrusted by a single delegate, and homicide classified in paragraph 121, in paragraphs § 2, I, II, III, IV, V and VI. (BRASIL, 2018).

According to GAMA (2015), the causes assessed that the category of female sex, according to the legislator are: 1) domestic and intimate brutality; 2) contempt or discernment to the class of woman. Says BRASIL (2018), that to put it as domestic and intimate brutality, we can take advantage of paragraph 5 of Law 11.340/2006:

Point 5 for the consequences of this Law according to domestic and intimate brutality against the woman any action or elimination based on the model that causes her death, detriment, physical, sexual or psychological distress and ethical or patrimonial injury:

I – In the field of domestic unity, covered as the durable conversation space of people, with or without family connection, even sporadically gathered;

II – In the domain of the family, covered as the conformity formed by persons who are or evaluate themselves related, linked by natural ties, cognation or by explained will;

III – in some family relationship of affection, the attacker dwells or has lived with the affront, unintentionally cohabitation (BRASIL, 2018).

In order to aerate feminicide, it is sufficient that there is only one of the hypotheses prevented in §2-A (121) of the Brazilian Penal Code, domestic and intimate brutality, or disparage or discrimination to the category of woman.

BIANCHINI (2014) states that the Feminicide Law still stipulates a majorante, where it combines the penalties in the specific things of paragraph 7.

§ 7 the penalty of feminicide is juxtawaged from 1/3 to 1/2 if the crime is perpetrated:

I – During pregnancy the three months after birth;

II – Against a person of minimum fourteen years and over sixty years or with insufficiency;

III – in the composition of the victim’s descendant or ancestor.

5. CONCLUSION

The Maria da Penha Law is a model of obstinacy, assurance and haughting to be sensitive to human nature. I warned that it was concise measures even of an international nature and organizes an ineffective enlarger, comming the index of periods before and after the force of the Law of feminicide No. 13.104/2015. The current article portrayed the most extraordinary points of the feminicide qualifier. It was realized, a historical rush of gender brutality, as well as the effectiveness in describing criminal law when confronting this sad fact that many women live, or do not survive. Brazilian laws are evident the symbolic power that criminal law has and that will not purely abuse the creation of feminicide without the involvement of the public power and the population as a whole, in conclusion, the main plan is contraception, and the effectiveness of the beginning of the composure of the human person, decinging from the entire Brazilian legal system.

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^[1] Graduating from law school.

^[2] Master’s degree in Law from the Law School of Southern Minas, FDSM, Brazil. Professor of law at CEULM/ULBRA, Manaus-AM.

Submitted: August, 2019.

Approved: September, 2019.