Number of accidents caused by venomous animals between 2010 and 2014 in Brazil

SOEIRO, Selthon Macello Capiberibe. Et al. Number of accidents caused by venomous animals between 2010 and 2014 in Brazil. Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento. Year 05, Ed. 12, Vol. 01, pp. 05-17. December 2020. ISSN: 2448-0959, Access Link: https://www.nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/health/number-of-accidents, DOI: 10.32749/nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/health/number-of-accidents


INTRODUCTION
Venomous animals are those that have a mechanism for injecting poison, which can be stingers, stingers or teeth (Pine and Sparrow, 2015). Some species of bees, snakes, wasps, marimbondos, spiders, scorpions and caterpillars can be considered as venomous animals (BREDT and LITCHTENEKER, 2014;NEIVA, et al., 2019).
Different poisons or venoms can cause pain, rupture of blood vessels, burn, blisters, edemas, necrotic injury, hemorrhage, blood vomit, presence of blood in the urine, bleeding in the nose, severe sweating, low blood pressure, hypothermia and neurological problems (LIMA et al., 2017;NEIVA, et al., 2019).
The treatment of accidents with venomous animals is done, in most cases, by means of an antivenom serum that contains specific antibodies to fight the toxins of each animal, and this should be applied as soon as possible to avoid aggravation of the case (SOUZA and MACHADO, 2017).
To prevent snake accidents, gloves and boots should be used when cleaning bushes, debris, dry leaves, garbage and others, as such animals prefer hot and humid places. You should not put your hands in holes, you should avoid the proliferation of rats, since these are snake food and, in addition, it is necessary to avoid the accumulation of bush, wood, bricks and other materials that can become a shelter for animals that serve as food for snakes (BRASIL, 2001).
To prevent accidents with arachnids, wasteland, gardens and backyards should be keep free of rubble, bushes, dry leaves and building materials, thus preventing them from finding
National data were collected according to the following steps: A) The datasus.saude.gov.br link was accessed, the arrow was slid with the mouse to the "Access to Information" tab, and then the "Health Information Information (TABNET)" tab was clicked on "Epidemiological and Morbidity". The next page clicked on "Diseases and Diseases of Notify -From 2007 onwards (SINAN)". On the next page we selected "Accidents by Venomous Animals. In the box "Geographic Coverage" we opted for "Brazil by Region, UF and Municipality". From there followed the steps: A) On the line, "Accident year" was selected; in the "Not active" column, and in the "Notifications" content. All data collected in this and next steps are between 2010 and 2014. B) On the line, "Accident Year" was selected; in the "Accident Month" column, and in the "Notifications" content. C) On the line, "Accident Year" was selected; in the Number of accidents caused by venomous animals between 2010 and 2014 in Brazil www.nucleodoconhecimento.com.br "Notification region" column, and in the "Notifications" content. D) On the line, "Accident Year" was selected; in the "Age group" column, and in the "Notifications" content. E) On the line, "Accident Year" was selected; "Race" column, and in the "Notifications" content. F) On the line, "Accident Year" was selected; "Sex" column, and in the "Notifications" content. G) On the line, "Accident Year" was selected; "Pregnant Women" column, and in the "Notifications" content. H) On the line, "Accident Year" was selected; in the "Time/call" column, and in the "Notifications" content. I) On the line, "Accident Year" was selected; in the "Accident Type" column, and in the "Notifications" content. J) On the line, "Accident Year" was selected; in the "Sorts. "Notifications" content. K) On the line, "Accident Year" was selected; in the "Evolution case" column, and in the "Notifications" content The         The data show that the largest number of people is attended between 0 and 3 hours after the accident.   Accidents by venomous animals, in their greatest quantity, did not represent a classification based on a state of severity, that is, most were classified as mild grade. The highest rate of severity and lethality usually occurs in older children and individuals (older than 80 years) (DORNELES, 2009). In relation to scorpion accidents, most can be treated in a health unit located near the patient, not requiring serotherapy (LIMA et al., 2020).
Brazil is one of the countries that produce the most antivenom sera worldwide (about 400,000 ampoules). Nationally, the treatment is provided by the Unified Health System, brazil being the country whose free distribution of antiophilic serum is made more comprehensively and with greater ease, since it is available to any injured. Spiders, scorpions and snakes are the main causators of these accidents.
The most frequent epidemiological profile in odious accidents is male, rural workers, between 15 and 49 years old. Among children, boys are the most affected, and lack of supervision in daily activities is one of the main causes of this problem.
Most scorpion accidents generate minor consequences for the human organism and do not imply the need for serotherapy. In the other cases, however, there may be a wide variation in the consequences from patient to patient, and if there is no adequate treatment, the patient may be going to death.
Most cases are usually attended by health services within 3 hours of the accident. The time between the accident and care should be as small as possible, and, as the time for care increases, the possibility of negative consequences to the individual increases proportionally, with a decrease in the cure rate and increased lethality.
Most patients who experience scorpion accidents do not require serotherapy, and they can resort to appropriate treatment in health units that are located in the vicinity of the place where the accident occurred, so that locomotion is faster and the consequent rate of improvement is higher.
The production of serum for the treatment of odidise accidents in Brazil is accentuated, and the amount produced is able to cover the total number of cases in the country. However, there is a problem regarding the distribution of this serum, since areas of indigenous population and regions of remote localities do not have adequate availability, enabling negative consequences for the individuals in question, increasing the possibility of deaths from this type of accident.